The Dark Star by Andy Lloyd gains more credibility as the Mystery Swirls Around 'Dark Stars'. TimelessVoyager.com/book/inner.asp?bookid=51

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(Free-Press-Release.com) December 22, 2009 -- Spanish Astronomers Claim Dwarf Sun Beyond Pluto


The idea of a new planet being discovered in our Solar System is
pretty exciting. Even more so because of the many theories about
"planet-x" or "Nibiru" being associated with space aliens and the
doomsday prophecies of 2012.

Scientists at places like NASA and famous observatories have deflected
inquiries about the discovery for a few years now, mainly because they
feared being associated with these "fringe" theories. But like it or

not -- it has happened. Well... according to a team of Spanish
artronomers who call themselves the StarViewer Team.

The group made the rounds of all the news web sites in the past two
weeks, claiming they discovered something very significant. It's
almost twice the size of Jupiter and just beyond our furthest
planetoid, Pluto. Although it's not a planet, it appears to have
planets or large satellites encircling it. It's what astronomers call
a "brown dwarf star" and its official name is "G1.9".

What's a Brown Dwarf Star?

First we'll explain WHAT these astronomers have discovered. Then we'll
discuss HOW they discovered it.

At the risk of being scientifically vague, I'll try to explain the
current understanding of how stars and planets form in space.

All matter attracts other matter. A larger mass will attract smaller
masses towards it. In space this results in growing clouds of matter
that tend to clump together and attract more matter. Since most of the
matter in space is gaseous, these clouds eventually get so dense that
they collapse into dense gaseous spheres. When they do this there is

usually some "left over" matter that forms a ring around the sphere.

If there is enough matter in a sphere of hydrogen, for example, it can
cause so much compression at the sphere's core that the hydrogen atoms
begin to fuse together and a fusion-reaction ignites a new born star.
In this reaction two hydrogen atoms join together to form one helium
atom and release extra energy as radiation.

Scientists believe that the minimum mass needed to ignite a sun is
about 13 times the known mass of the planet Jupiter -- written as

"13MJ." If the mass is lower than this, the pressure in the core is
not enough to ignite and the sphere will be hot ball of gas called a
"brown dwarf."

As a new star spins, the disk surrounding it gradually cools and the
matter forms heavier elements like metals and minerals. These "rocks"
eventually clump together and form solid spheres called planets.

Sometimes a solid sphere will attract some of the gas that is in the
disk and this will result in a gaseous giant, like Jupiter and Saturn,
which has a solid core but a thick gaseous atmosphere. These "gas

giant" planets can be very massive but, because of their solid cores,
they will never ignite and become stars.

This Brown Dwarf

This newly discovered "brown dwarf" is believed to have formed from
the same condensed matter that gave birth to our Sun. It is believed
that, after the large planets formed around the Sun, they pushed it to
the edge of the Solar system where it formed a sphere about 1.9MJ --
well below the mass needed to ignite it as a "sun."

Nemesis

The theory of a companion sun is not new. It has often been described

as Nemesis, after the Greek figure in mythology.

The mythological Nemesis was the spirit of divine retribution against
those who succumb to hubris, vengeful fate personified as a
remorseless goddess. The name Nemesis is related to the Greek word
meaning "to give what is due".

Nemesis is now often used as a term to describe one's worst enemy,
normally someone or something that is the exact opposite of oneself
but is also somehow similar. For example, Professor Moriarty is
frequently described as the nemesis of Sherlock Holmes.

"Opposite yet similar" is the perfect description for a companion to
our Sun. But the name Nemesis also implies a sinister nature. Will
this new Nemesis be beneficial or harmful to our lives?

Many suns that we observe in the galaxy are part of binary systems or
double stars. There is debate about how two suns form from a single
condensed cloud of matter. Some believe that they both form at the
same time; others believe they split following the creation of one
huge sun.

Sometimes both spheres are capable of fusion and both suns shine

brightly, encircling each other around an imaginary point call the
barycenter. Sometimes only one sun attains 13MJ and ignites, while its
smaller companion, the brown dwarf, glows dimly and radiates heat.
Astronomers usually can only see the brightest of the two, but because
they both circle around a common barycenter, the wobble reveals the
mass of the unseen companion.

We are close to our Sun and within its gravitational influence. So as
we are travel through space, it appears to us that the G1.9 is moving
in an elipse between our furthest planetoid, Pluto, and the edge of

our Solar system, near the Oort Cloud.

The newly discovered brown dwarf is reported to be located just about
60 to 66 AU (1 AU=the distance from the Sun to Earth) from us (its
parigee), currently in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius.
Because of periodic gravitational disturbances in areas of space
further out, specifically in the Oort Cloud, the Spanish group of
astronomers believe G1.9 travels in an elliptical orbit extending
possibly hundreds of AU beyond the furthest known planets (its
apogee). Its position just beyond Pluto suggests it is at its closest

approach to the Sun and Earth.

Space appears relatively free of debris [see image above] inside the
planetary orbits. This is because the gravitational pull of each
planet (a large mass) effectively collects the interplanetary debris
(small mass). But there are exceptions.

Belts of Debris

Between Mars and Jupiter you will see a ring of debris called The
Asteroid Belt. It is believed that a planet once orbited in this area
before it was pulverized by some type of impact. Many theorists
believe this was caused by a rogue planet that entered the Solar

System -- again hinting at the existence of some unknown member of our
planetary system.

Beyond the furthest planetoid, Pluto, there is a large ring of debris
called the Kuiper Belt. While the asteroid belt is composed primarily
of rock and metal, the Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of
frozen volatiles (termed "ices"), such as methane, ammonia and water.

As we get to the edge of the Solar System we enter another debris
zone, the Oort Cloud. The Oort is not a band of debris but rather a
spherical shell that surrounds the Solar System and extends out to the

edge of the Sun's gravitational field. This region is thought to
contain frozen clumps of water, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide and
hydrogen cyanide. It's also the birth place of comets. However, the
discovery of the object 1996-PW, an asteroid in an orbit more typical
of a long-period comet, suggests that the cloud may also be home to
rocky objects.

Debris "fly-paper"

Jupiter and Saturn are extremely massive and have such strong gravity
that they attract meteors and comets entering the planetary zone of
our Solar System. They protect smaller planets like our Earth from

impacts, acting like a fly-paper for meteors, comets and asteroids.

In August of 2009, Jupiter captured a large asteroid that entered the
planetary zone unexpectedly, despite the efforts of astronomers to
track these dangerous objects. It is believed that this asteroid was
perturbed by the trajectory of G1.9, which until now, was not
recognized and accounted for.

Note: The dark spot [ top right] in the northern hemisphere of Jupiter
where the asteroid impact was.

How it was discovered... the controversy

You might well ask why astronomers have never detected this object

before. In fact they did. G1.9 was first identified as a "supernova
remnant" in 1984 by Dave Green of the University of Cambridge and
later studied in greater detail with NRAO's Very Large Array radio
telescope in 1985. Because it was unusually small for a supernova it
was thought to be young -- less than about 1000 years old.

But in 2007, X-ray observations made with NASA's Chandra X-ray
Observatory revealed that the object was much larger than the last
time it was observed! It had grown in size by 16%. Puzzled by this
observation, the Very Large Array repeated its observations of 23

years ago and verified that it had increased in size considerably.
Knowing that supernova do not expand this quickly, unless they have
just exploded, they explained that G1.9 must be a "very young"
supernova -- perhaps not more than 150 years old. But no record of a
visible supernova has been found corresponding to that historical
period (about the time of the American Civil War).

Spanish astronomers have tracked this object with great interest
because they were anticipating its appearance. Gravitational anomalies
have been appearing in the Oort Cloud for some time, suggesting the

perturbations were caused by a nearby object with considerable mass.
The announcement that G1.9 had increased in size was no mystery to
them. It is exactly what they would expect as the object moved closer
to Earth.

The object, G1.9 [above right] is currently located in the direction
of our Galaxy's center, Sagittarius, which glows bright in this
infrared spectrum image. Because of the bright background G1.9 is not
visible in normal light wavelengths.

What makes this amazing is the incredible book released in 2005 by Andy Lloyd, The Dark Star which basically predicted the possibility that our sun has an invisible twin. more at www.timelessvoyager.com/book/inner.asp?bookid=51

More information can be found online at http://www.timelessvoyager.com/book/inner.asp?bookid=51

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