El diagnóstico “esquizofrenico” bajo fuerte crítica

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Los profesores de psiquiatría social en la Universidad Central England en Birmingham y Manchester, dijeron que la esquizofrenia “es un concepto nocivo" y debe abandonarse revista Scientific American
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October 12, 2006 (Press Release) -- Como se sabe, incontables hombres, mujeres y niños han sido sometidos a peligrosos antipsicóticos como resultado de haber sido diagnosticados como “esquizofrénicos”.
Sin embargo actualmente el diagnóstico ha sido puesto en tela de juicio de parte de críticos dentro del mismo sistema de la industria de salud mental.
Según la revista Scientific American, a principios de Octubre de 2006 expertos en salud mental propusieron que el término esquizofrenia fuera abandonado. El profesor Marius Romme, profesor de psiquiatría social en la Universidad Central England en Birmingham, dijo que la esquizofrenia “es un concepto nocivo”; y que los delirios, el escuchar voces y las alucinaciones —los llamados síntomas de la esquizofrenia— no están relacionados con una enfermedad sino que pueden ser reacciones a eventos traumáticos o estresantes en la vida.
Richard Bentall, profesor de psicología clínica en la Universidad de Manchester, Reino Unido, dijo en una conferencia noticiosa que, desde el punto de vista científico, el concepto de esquizofrenia no tenía sentido.

Estos expertos en salud mental manifestaron que el catalogar como esquizofrénico a alguien es motivo de estigmatización y es perjudicial para la persona a quien se le estampa en su registro médico la palabra esquizofrénico.
Aunque desde el punto de vista científico el término carece de sentido, dicha etiqueta sugiere que la persona es peligrosa e impredecible: un estigma que puede ser difícil si no imposible de eliminar para quienes se les estampa la etiqueta.
Generalmente se administran antipsicóticos cuando a una persona se le etiqueta “esquizofrénica”: un diagnóstico completamente subjetivo y carente de fundamento científico como pruebas de sangre, escaneos cerebrales o rayos X. Estos antipsicóticos, o drogas prescritas a quien se le da el “tratamiento para esquizofrénicos”, pueden causar diabetes, ceguera, coágulos sanguíneos mortales, convulsiones, violencia, ideación suicida, fallo cardiaco, disquinesia tardía (menoscabo permanente de la facultad de movimientos voluntarios de los labios, lengua, mandíbula, dedos, tobillos y otras partes del cuerpo), así como la muerte.
Hablando ante una audiencia en Londres, el profesor Bentall dijo que otro aspecto falaz de la etiqueta “esquizofrenia” es que se supone que no hay oportunidad de recuperación. Pero es un hecho que, aproximadamente la tercera parte de los pacientes diagnosticados en el Reino Unido se recuperan espontáneamente del problema. En otras partes del mundo, donde hay menos énfasis en tratamientos de psicofármacos, el índice de recuperación es incluso más alto. Así que, mientras que la mayoría de la gente con síntomas de psicosis vivirá vidas normales y terminarán su ciclo de problemas mentales de manera natural, otros son estigmatizados de “pacientes esquizofrénicos” y se les dan drogas debilitantes y potencialmente mortales, lo que reduce sus oportunidades de recuperación.


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